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<!DOCTYPE ead PUBLIC "+//ISBN 1-931666-00-8//DTD ead.dtd (Encoded Archival Description (EAD) Version 2002)//EN" "http://lcweb2.loc.gov/xmlcommon/dtds/ead2002/ead.dtd">
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  <eadheader langencoding="iso639-2b" countryencoding="iso3166-1" dateencoding="iso8601" repositoryencoding="iso15511" scriptencoding="iso15924" relatedencoding="DC">
    <eadid identifier="unknown-maker-axe-and-associated-items" countrycode="GB" url="https://fhya.uct.ac.za/unknown-maker-axe-and-associated-items" encodinganalog="identifier">1927.431</eadid>
    <filedesc>
      <titlestmt>
        <titleproper encodinganalog="title">Unknown maker - Axe and associated items</titleproper>
      </titlestmt>
      <publicationstmt>
        <publisher encodinganalog="publisher">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge (MAA)</publisher>
        <address>
          <addressline>Downing Street</addressline>
          <addressline>Cambridge</addressline>
          <addressline>Cambridgeshire</addressline>
          <addressline>CB2 3DZ</addressline>
          <addressline>Telephone: +44 (0)1223 333516</addressline>
          <addressline>Email: admin@maa.cam.ac.uk</addressline>
          <addressline>http://maa.cam.ac.uk/</addressline>
        </address>
        <date normal="2020-05-04" encodinganalog="date">2020-05-04</date>
      </publicationstmt>
    </filedesc>
    <profiledesc>
      <creation>
      Generated by Access to Memory (AtoM) 2.7.3      <date normal="2026-07-15">2026-07-15 13:54 UTC</date>
    </creation>
      <langusage>
        <language langcode="eng">English</language>
      </langusage>
    </profiledesc>
  </eadheader>
  <archdesc level="file" relatedencoding="RAD">
    <did>
      <unittitle encodinganalog="1.1B">Unknown maker - Axe and associated items</unittitle>
      <unitid encodinganalog="1.8B11" countrycode="GB">1927.431</unitid>
      <unitdate id="atom_229918_event" datechar="online curation" encodinganalog="1.4F">2016 -</unitdate>
      <unitdate id="atom_229919_event" datechar="custody" encodinganalog="1.4F">1927 -</unitdate>
      <unitdate id="atom_229920_event" datechar="collection" encodinganalog="1.4F">c.1927</unitdate>
      <unitdate id="atom_229921_event" datechar="making" encodinganalog="1.4F">YYYY</unitdate>
      <repository>
        <corpname>Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge (MAA)</corpname>
        <address>
          <addressline>Downing Street</addressline>
          <addressline>Cambridge</addressline>
          <addressline>Cambridgeshire</addressline>
          <addressline>CB2 3DZ</addressline>
          <addressline>Telephone: +44 (0)1223 333516</addressline>
          <addressline>Email: admin@maa.cam.ac.uk</addressline>
          <addressline>http://maa.cam.ac.uk/</addressline>
        </address>
      </repository>
    </did>
    <odd type="publicationStatus">
      <p>Published</p>
    </odd>
    <odd type="titleSource" encodinganalog="1.8B2">
      <p>Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using MAA materials</p>
    </odd>
    <scopecontent encodinganalog="1.7D">
      <p>[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA, 2018: File contains object identified by Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using MAA materials as "axe", a catalogue card and an annual report.]</p>
    </scopecontent>
    <controlaccess>
      <name role="Online curation" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229918_actor">Five Hundred Year Archive (FHYA)</name>
      <name role="Custody" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229919_actor">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge (MAA)</name>
      <persname role="Collection" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229920_actor">Sir William Ridgeway</persname>
      <persname role="Making" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229921_actor">No attribution</persname>
      <genreform source="rad" encodinganalog="1.1C">Object</genreform>
      <genreform source="rad" encodinganalog="1.1C">Textual record</genreform>
    </controlaccess>
    <custodhist encodinganalog="1.7C">
      <p>[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA, 2012, using MAA materials: There were separate Ethnographical and Archaeological accession registers which ran concurrently from 1884 - 1917, with the ethnographic accessions numbered using the following format: ‘E’ and then ‘year accessioned’ followed by sequential numbering, e.g. E 1912.123. A single register was used from 1917 with no letter prefix, using the format of 'year accessioned' followed by sequential numbering. The Museum’s second curator Louis Clarke instigated a Z Register in January 1923, accessioning and entering objects that had not been recorded in the year of acquisition or that needed to be renumbered. These items were given Z numbers, using a ‘Z’ prefix and then sequential numbers, e.g. Z 1234. This numbering system for un-accessioned items found in the museum continued along side the normal accessioning procedure, using the relevant year of entry, until the late 1990s.]</p>
    </custodhist>
    <userestrict encodinganalog="1.8B16c">
      <p>Creative Commons License: CC BY-NC-ND  <lb/><lb/>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/<lb/><lb/>Unless otherwise stated the copyright of all material on the FHYA resides with the contributing institution/custodian.</p>
    </userestrict>
    <dsc type="combined">
      <c level="item">
        <did>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="1.1B">Axe</unittitle>
          <unitid encodinganalog="1.8B11" countrycode="GB">1927.431</unitid>
          <unitdate id="atom_229925_event" datechar="online curation" encodinganalog="1.4F">2016 -</unitdate>
          <unitdate id="atom_229926_event" datechar="custody" encodinganalog="1.4F">1927 -</unitdate>
          <unitdate id="atom_229927_event" datechar="collection" encodinganalog="1.4F">c.1927</unitdate>
          <unitdate id="atom_229928_event" datechar="making" encodinganalog="1.4F">YYYY</unitdate>
          <note type="generalNote" encodinganalog="1.8B21">
            <p>Accession numbers<lb/><lb/>[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using MAA materials, 2012: Cat ID: 107010; ID NO: 1927.431]</p>
          </note>
          <note type="generalNote" encodinganalog="1.8B21">
            <p>Attributions and conjectures<lb/><lb/>[Source - MAA, 2012:<lb/>Name: Axe<lb/>Classified:<lb/>Keyword: <lb/>Material: <lb/>Descriptions: Axe with head of... shape... edge and long... which is engraved... Probably Zulu<lb/>Local:<lb/>Maker:<lb/>Cultural Group:<lb/>Author:<lb/>Date Made:<lb/>Dimensions:<lb/>Source: Ridgeway<lb/>Source Date:<lb/>Place: Africa; Southern Africa; South Africa - MAA (01/11/1998)<lb/>Period:<lb/>Contexts: MAA (00/00/0000)<lb/>Updated: 03/12/2004<lb/>Created: 01/11/1998]</p>
          </note>
          <dao linktype="simple" href="https://fhya.org/uploads/r/museum-of-archaeology-and-anthropology-university-of-cambridge-maa/6/a/3/6a320a3111c73882c8b7e2433e407621a650c4250101aff85c1ce39c8dc70c51/MAA_RI_1927_axe_E_1927_431_01.JPG" role="master" actuate="onrequest" show="embed"/>
        </did>
        <odd type="publicationStatus">
          <p>Published</p>
        </odd>
        <controlaccess>
          <name role="Online curation" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229925_actor">Five Hundred Year Archive (FHYA) </name>
          <name role="Custody" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229926_actor">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge (MAA) </name>
          <persname role="Collection" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229927_actor">Sir William Ridgeway </persname>
          <persname role="Making" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229928_actor">No attribution </persname>
          <genreform source="rad" encodinganalog="1.1C">Object</genreform>
          <genreform source="rad" encodinganalog="1.1C">Textual record</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
        <userestrict encodinganalog="1.8B16c">
          <p>Creative Commons License: CC BY-NC-ND  <lb/><lb/>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/<lb/><lb/>Unless otherwise stated the copyright of all material on the FHYA resides with the contributing institution/custodian.</p>
        </userestrict>
        <c otherlevel="view" level="otherlevel">
          <did>
            <unittitle encodinganalog="1.1B">Axe (view 2)</unittitle>
            <unitid encodinganalog="1.8B11" countrycode="GB">1927.431</unitid>
            <unitdate id="atom_229935_event" datechar="online curation" encodinganalog="1.4F">2016 -</unitdate>
            <unitdate id="atom_229936_event" datechar="custody" encodinganalog="1.4F">1927 -</unitdate>
            <unitdate id="atom_229937_event" datechar="collection" encodinganalog="1.4F">c.1927</unitdate>
            <unitdate id="atom_229938_event" datechar="making" encodinganalog="1.4F">YYYY</unitdate>
            <note type="generalNote" encodinganalog="1.8B21">
              <p>Accession numbers<lb/><lb/>[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using MAA materials, 2012: Cat ID: 107010; ID NO: 1927.431]</p>
            </note>
            <note type="generalNote" encodinganalog="1.8B21">
              <p>Attributions and conjectures<lb/><lb/>[Source - MAA, 2012:<lb/>Name: Axe<lb/>Classified:<lb/>Keyword: <lb/>Material: <lb/>Descriptions: Axe with head of... shape... edge and long... which is engraved... Probably Zulu<lb/>Local:<lb/>Maker:<lb/>Cultural Group:<lb/>Author:<lb/>Date Made:<lb/>Dimensions:<lb/>Source: Ridgeway<lb/>Source Date:<lb/>Place: Africa; Southern Africa; South Africa - MAA (01/11/1998)<lb/>Period:<lb/>Contexts: MAA (00/00/0000)<lb/>Updated: 03/12/2004<lb/>Created: 01/11/1998]</p>
            </note>
            <dao linktype="simple" href="https://fhya.org/uploads/r/museum-of-archaeology-and-anthropology-university-of-cambridge-maa/2/5/4/25449271663f2adcd5e71316a7c47b987a5fc7cfa3684b4152d27c3b6609818e/MAA_RI_1927_axe_detail_E_1927_431_02.JPG" role="master" actuate="onrequest" show="embed"/>
          </did>
          <odd type="publicationStatus">
            <p>Published</p>
          </odd>
          <controlaccess>
            <name role="Online curation" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229935_actor">Five Hundred Year Archive (FHYA) </name>
            <name role="Custody" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229936_actor">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge (MAA) </name>
            <persname role="Collection" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229937_actor">Sir William Ridgeway </persname>
            <persname role="Making" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229938_actor">No attribution </persname>
            <genreform source="rad" encodinganalog="1.1C">Object</genreform>
            <genreform source="rad" encodinganalog="1.1C">Textual record</genreform>
          </controlaccess>
          <userestrict encodinganalog="1.8B16c">
            <p>Creative Commons License: CC BY-NC-ND  <lb/><lb/>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/<lb/><lb/>Unless otherwise stated the copyright of all material on the FHYA resides with the contributing institution/custodian.</p>
          </userestrict>
        </c>
      </c>
      <c level="item">
        <did>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="1.1B">MAA catalogue card E 1927.431</unittitle>
          <unitid encodinganalog="1.8B11" countrycode="GB">1927.431</unitid>
          <unitdate id="atom_229944_event" datechar="online curation" encodinganalog="1.4F">2016 -</unitdate>
          <unitdate id="atom_229945_event" datechar="making" encodinganalog="1.4F">YYYY</unitdate>
          <dao linktype="simple" href="https://fhya.org/uploads/r/museum-of-archaeology-and-anthropology-university-of-cambridge-maa/e/0/b/e0be25e4c5af828a60922b878b57b2cb8f5aab133ac7953948fc22c329c1724a/MAA_RI_1927_catalogue_card_E_1927_431.JPG" role="master" actuate="onrequest" show="embed"/>
        </did>
        <odd type="publicationStatus">
          <p>Published</p>
        </odd>
        <controlaccess>
          <name role="Online curation" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229944_actor">Five Hundred Year Archive (FHYA) </name>
          <name role="Making" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229945_actor">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge (MAA) </name>
          <genreform source="rad" encodinganalog="1.1C">Textual record</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
        <custodhist encodinganalog="1.7C">
          <p>[Source - Rachel Hand for MAA, 2016: The Museum’s catalogue cards and labels are part of the institution' and the objects' very history. Catalogue cards were created to add additional object information from the very first accessions back in 1884 and replacement cards were made if the original was lost, usually using both different pens and terms. Original sale or collector labels could be stuck to the cards to add biographical layers of information in the same way that letters and later photographs were sometimes attached to cards. Staff and sometimes visitors would add comments on provenances, measurements and locations over time. Reconnecting an author with their annotations can add to our knowledge of the object’s history and associations. The era and author of the cards also is reflected in their physical aspects: initially details were handwritten in ink, the 1930s saw cards stamped and written on a typewriter, followed variously by handwritten details in ballpoint pen, finally moving to word-processed and laser printed texts.<lb/><lb/>Like the cards the physical type of paper and pen used can suggest dates as well as authors. They can be used to confirm the identity of misplaced objects, e.g. Henry Bulwer’s collection bears distinctive long, rectangular shaped paper labels and his cursive script.<lb/><lb/>Early labels were handwritten in ink, on small rectangular paper or parchment label and tied through small metal reinforced holes. Others were glued directly to the object. Smaller rectangular or square paper labels, with a printed outline, usually stuck directly to the object, usually originate in late nineteenth or early twentieth century salerooms or via a collector. Larger circular, metal-edged labels were written in the museum, probably from the 1970s onwards. The 1980s bought larger labels on thick yellow paper, and remained handwritten. From c.2000, we have used acid-free yellowish paper labels, that are written on in light-sensitive and waterproof ink.]</p>
        </custodhist>
        <userestrict encodinganalog="1.8B16c">
          <p>Creative Commons License: CC BY-NC-ND  <lb/><lb/>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/<lb/><lb/>Unless otherwise stated the copyright of all material on the FHYA resides with the contributing institution/custodian.</p>
        </userestrict>
      </c>
      <c level="item">
        <did>
          <unittitle encodinganalog="1.1B">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology Annual Report 41</unittitle>
          <unitid encodinganalog="1.8B11" countrycode="GB">1927.431</unitid>
          <unitdate id="atom_229951_event" datechar="online curation" encodinganalog="1.4F">2016 -</unitdate>
          <unitdate id="atom_229952_event" datechar="making" encodinganalog="1.4F">YYYY</unitdate>
          <note type="generalNote" encodinganalog="1.8B21">
            <p>Additional title information<lb/><lb/>[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using MAA materials, 2012: MAA Ann Rep. 41: Report of the Faculty Board of Archaeology and Anthropology. 1 March 1927. Report of the Faculty Board of Archaeology and Anthropology. 1 March 1927, cont… Ridgeway bequest]</p>
          </note>
          <dao linktype="simple" href="https://fhya.org/uploads/r/museum-of-archaeology-and-anthropology-university-of-cambridge-maa/b/3/8/b3830cd763696ff8607c83d20d555f7e83e39f16d69109622018797e7b12e78a/MAA_RI_1927_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Anthropology_annual_report_41_E_1927_431.pdf" role="master" actuate="onrequest" show="embed"/>
        </did>
        <odd type="publicationStatus">
          <p>Published</p>
        </odd>
        <scopecontent encodinganalog="1.7D">
          <p>[Source - Debra Pryor for FHYA, 2019: A selection of related pages from the relevant Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology's Annual Report. The MAA has digistised all their annual reports and made them publicly available. For enquiries visit the MAA website: http://maa.cam.ac.uk/category/research/research-visits/]</p>
        </scopecontent>
        <controlaccess>
          <name role="Online curation" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229951_actor">Five Hundred Year Archive (FHYA) </name>
          <name role="Making" encodinganalog="1.4D" id="atom_229952_actor">Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge (MAA) </name>
          <genreform source="rad" encodinganalog="1.1C">Textual record</genreform>
        </controlaccess>
        <userestrict encodinganalog="1.8B16c">
          <p>Creative Commons License: CC BY-NC-ND  <lb/><lb/>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/<lb/><lb/>Unless otherwise stated the copyright of all material on the FHYA resides with the contributing institution/custodian.</p>
        </userestrict>
      </c>
    </dsc>
  </archdesc>
</ead>
